Flour milling in the European Union today is an automated and efficient industry, having evolved from the days of water-driven and wind-driven mills.
The milling of flour from grain has its origins in the early history of all major civilisations. It is generally regarded as the oldest known industry. Although there have been considerable advances in the way grain is milled, the process has remained relatively simple. Milling is the process by which wheat is ground into flour, through which the wheat grain is separated into its constituent parts: bran, germ and white flour.
During milling, different parts of the wheat grain are used to make different types of flour. As a result of advances in technology and the skill of the miller, the industry produces over 600 different types of flour to meet a growing consumer demand for a diverse range of products. The best known use of flour is to make bread, but it is an important ingredient in many common foodstuffs. These include biscuits, cakes, pies, pizza bases and soups.
The milling process:
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